定时器学习

定时器学习

一、定时器概念及分类

TIM（Timer）定时器 定时器可以对输入的时钟进行计数，并在计数值达到设定值时触发中断 16位计数器、预分频器、自动重装寄存器的时基单元，在72MHz计数时钟下可以实现最大59.65s的定时 不仅具备基本的定时中断功能，而且还包含内外时钟源选择、输入捕获、输出比较、编码器接口、主从触发模式等多种>功能 根据复杂度和应用场景分为了高级定时器、通用定时器、基本定时器三种类型

alt text

二、定时器内部结构

  1. 高级定时器 alt text
  2. 通用定时器 alt text alt text alt text
  3. 基本定时器 image-6

三、关于定时器常用的库函数

到时候可以把函数写到图像上，更加方便理解

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
//恢复缺省配置
void TIM_DeInit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
//时基单元初始化：TIMx（选择某个结构体）、TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct（配置时基单元的参数）
void TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef* TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct);
//配置输出比较模块：4个OC模块
void TIM_OC1Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct);
void TIM_OC2Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct);
void TIM_OC3Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct);
void TIM_OC4Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct);
//结构体配置输入捕获的函数
void TIM_ICInit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_ICInitTypeDef* TIM_ICInitStruct);
//直接把输入模式配置乘PWMI模式
void TIM_PWMIConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_ICInitTypeDef* TIM_ICInitStruct);
void TIM_BDTRConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_BDTRInitTypeDef *TIM_BDTRInitStruct);
//结构体变量赋默认值
void TIM_TimeBaseStructInit(TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef* TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct);
//输出比较结构体附默认值
void TIM_OCStructInit(TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct);
//输入捕获结构体的初始化默认值
void TIM_ICStructInit(TIM_ICInitTypeDef* TIM_ICInitStruct);
void TIM_BDTRStructInit(TIM_BDTRInitTypeDef* TIM_BDTRInitStruct);
//运行控制部分，用于使能控制机器的：TIMx（选择定时器），NewState（enable或disable）
void TIM_Cmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
void TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
//使能中断输出信号：TIMx（选择定时器），TIM_IT（选择哪一个中断），NewState（enable或disable）
void TIM_ITConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_IT, FunctionalState NewState);
void TIM_GenerateEvent(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_EventSource);
void TIM_DMAConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_DMABase, uint16_t TIM_DMABurstLength);
void TIM_DMACmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_DMASource, FunctionalState NewState);
//选择内部时钟
void TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
//选择外部定时器的时钟：TIMx（选择定时器），TIM_InputTriggerSource（选择要接入的定时器）
void TIM_ITRxExternalClockConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_InputTriggerSource);
//使用捕获通道的时钟
void TIM_TIxExternalClockConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_TIxExternalCLKSource,
uint16_t TIM_ICPolarity, uint16_t ICFilter);
//使用外部时钟模式1的时钟且使用外部触发时钟：TIM_ExtTRGPrescaler（外部触发预分频器），TIM_ExtTRGPolarity（极性），ExtTRGFilter（滤波器）
void TIM_ETRClockMode1Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPrescaler, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPolarity,
uint16_t ExtTRGFilter);
//使用外部时钟模式2：参数与上相同
void TIM_ETRClockMode2Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPrescaler,
uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPolarity, uint16_t ExtTRGFilter);
//不选择时钟模式，单独用于配置etr输入时钟的极性滤波的
void TIM_ETRConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPrescaler, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPolarity,
uint16_t ExtTRGFilter);
//只设置预分频器的：Prescaler（预分频值），TIM_PSCReloadMode（是否写入后立即更新）
void TIM_PrescalerConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Prescaler, uint16_t TIM_PSCReloadMode);
//更改计数器计数模式：TIM_CounterMode（新的计数器计数模式）
void TIM_CounterModeConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_CounterMode);
//选择从模式触发源
void TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_InputTriggerSource);
void TIM_EncoderInterfaceConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_EncoderMode,
uint16_t TIM_IC1Polarity, uint16_t TIM_IC2Polarity);
//配置强制输出模式
void TIM_ForcedOC1Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ForcedAction);
void TIM_ForcedOC2Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ForcedAction);
void TIM_ForcedOC3Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ForcedAction);
void TIM_ForcedOC4Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ForcedAction);
//自动重装器预装功能配置
void TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
void TIM_SelectCOM(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
void TIM_SelectCCDMA(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
//输出比较寄存器的预装功能配置
void TIM_CCPreloadControl(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
void TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload);
void TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload);
void TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload);
void TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload);
//配置快速使能
void TIM_OC1FastConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCFast);
void TIM_OC2FastConfig(TIM TvpeDef* TIMx. uint16 t TIM OCFast):
void TIM_OC3FastConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCFast);
void TIM_OC4FastConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCFast);
//外部事件时，清除ref信号
void TIM_ClearOC1Ref(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCClear);
void TIM_ClearOC2Ref(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCClear);
void TIM_ClearOC3Ref(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCClear);
void TIM_ClearOC4Ref(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCClear);
//配置比较输出极性，带N的是互补通道的配置，OC4没有互补通道
void TIM_OC1PolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity);
void TIM_OC1NPolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCNPolarity);
void TIM_OC2PolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity);
void TIM_OC2NPolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCNPolarity);
void TIM_OC3PolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity);
void TIM_OC3NPolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCNPolarity);
void TIM_OC4PolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity);
//单独修改输出使能参数
void TIM_CCxCmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_Channel, uint16_t TIM_CCx);
void TIM_CCxNCmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_Channel, uint16_t TIM_CCxN);
//单独更改输出比较模式
void TIM_SelectOCxM(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_Channel, uint16_t TIM_OCMode);
void TIM_UpdateDisableConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
void TIM_UpdateRequestConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_UpdateSource);
void TIM_SelectHallSensor(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
void TIM_SelectOnePulseMode(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OPMode);
//选择主模式输出触发信号
void TIM_SelectOutputTrigger(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_TRGOSource);
//选择从模式事件
void TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_SlaveMode);
void TIM_SelectMasterSlaveMode(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_MasterSlaveMode);
//给计数器写入一个值
void TIM_SetCounter(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Counter);
//给自动重装器写入一个值
void TIM_SetAutoreload(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Autoreload);
//单独更改ccr参数值的
void TIM_SetCompare1(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Compare1);
void TIM_SetCompare2(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Compare2);
void TIM_SetCompare3(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Compare3);
void TIM_SetCompare4(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Compare4);
//分别配置1234路的输入捕获的分频器
void TIM_SetIC1Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC);
void TIM_SetIC2Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC);
void TIM_SetIC3Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC);
void TIM_SetIC4Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC);
void TIM_SetClockDivision(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_CKD);
//分别读取4个通道的CCR
uint16_t TIM_GetCapture1(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
uint16_t TIM_GetCapture2(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
uint16_t TIM_GetCapture3(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
uint16_t TIM_GetCapture4(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
//取当前计数器的值
uint16_t TIM_GetCounter(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
//获取当前预分频器的值
uint16_t TIM_GetPrescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
//获取和清除标志位
FlagStatus TIM_GetFlagStatus(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_FLAG);
void TIM_ClearFlag(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_FLAG);
ITStatus TIM_GetITStatus(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_IT);
void TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_IT);

四、使用方式

  1. 中断使用
  2. 输出比较
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
    void PWM_Init(void)
{
	//开启时钟
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
//	//引脚重映射
//	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);//开启引脚服用选择器的时钟开关
//	GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_PartialRemap1_TIM2,ENABLE);//选择复用项目打开
//	GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_Remap_SWJ_JTAGDisable,ENABLE);//将调试步骤解除
	//选择时钟源
	TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM2);
	//配置时基单元
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = 20000-1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 75-1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2,&TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
	TIM_ClearFlag(TIM2,TIM_FLAG_Update);//清除标志寄存器
	//配置比较单元
	TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure;
	TIM_OCStructInit(&TIM_OCInitStructure);//初始化比较单元结构体
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;//配置输出比较模式：设置为PWM1
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;//配置输出比较的极性
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;//配置输出比较模式是否输出使能
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = 10;//初始占空比为0
	TIM_OC1Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
	//启动定时器
	TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE);
	//初始化gpio
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;//用复用输出模式
//	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_15;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
}

//更改PWM值
void PWM_SetCompare1(uint16_t Compare)
{
	TIM_SetCompare1(TIM2,Compare);//单独更改CRR的值
}
  1. 输入捕获
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

void IC_Init(void)
{
	//打开所需的时钟
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	//初始化IO引脚
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	//配置时基单元
	TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM3);//输入时钟为内部时钟
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = 65536-1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 72-1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3,&TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
	TIM_ClearFlag(TIM3,TIM_FLAG_Update);
	//配置输入捕获单元
	TIM_ICInitTypeDef TIM_ICInitStructure;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_1;//选择输入信号的通道
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0;//输入滤波模式
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;//触发模式：上升沿触发
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;//预分频
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;//输入信号与对应捕获单元的对应关系
	TIM_ICInit(TIM3,&TIM_ICInitStructure);
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_2;//选择输入信号的通道
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0;//输入滤波模式
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Falling;//触发模式：上升沿触发
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;//预分频
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_IndirectTI; //输入信号与对应捕获单元的对应关系
	TIM_ICInit(TIM3,&TIM_ICInitStructure);
	//配置主从模式
	TIM_SelectOutputTrigger(TIM3,TIM_TRGOSource_Enable);//悬着主模式输出信号
	TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM3,TIM_SlaveMode_Reset);//选择从模式事件
	TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM3,TIM_TS_TI1FP1);//选从模式的输入激励
	//启动计时器
	TIM_Cmd(TIM3,ENABLE);
}